The American Hairless Terrier is a
rare breed of dog that was derived as a variant of Rat Terrier. As of January
1, 2004, the United Kennel Club deemed the AHT a separate terrier breed,
granting it full UKC recognition. An intelligent, social and energetic working
breed, the American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a potential good breed
choice for allergy sufferers.
Description
The
American Hairless Terrier is a smoothly muscled, active, small-to-medium
terrier.
Height: 7-18 inches (18–45.7
cm.)
Life Span: 14–16 years.
Weight: 7-25 pounds (2.5–12 kg.)
Skin Color: White (to varying
degrees) with a variety of colors including black, blue, pink, brown, tan, and
sable. Skin color darkens with sun
Eye Color: Brown, blue, grey,
amber and turquoise
Pattern: near-solid (with some
white), brindled, spotted (piebald) and saddled
Tail/Ears: Tails must be left
long on the hairless variety, coateds may be docked or left undocked
Type: Working Breed
American Hairless Terrier and Rat
Terrier distinctions
The
American Hairless Terrier's origins are unique in that the entire breed
originated from a single hairless Rat Terrier female born in 1972. The AHT is
therefore very similar to the Rat Terrier and the coated AHT is almost
indistinguishable from its Rat Terrier cousin.
However,
since the first litter born in 1982 from the originating hairless female, the
AHT has continued to be developed as a distinct breed (see "Breed
Recognition") with several characteristics that distinguish the AHT from
its Rat Terrier origins. These differences include smaller sizes, more refined
features, new eye colors, new patterns, new (skin) colors and, of course, a
complete lack of fur on the hairless variety.
Other
breeder choices have further differentiated the AHT. AHT breeders and clubs
promote the undocked tail appearance on hairless, unlike the more traditionally
docked appearance of the Rat Terrier. To date, the hairless trait has not been
bred over to the other types of Rat Terrier such as the Decker Giant Terrier or
the Type B Rat Terrier (also known as the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier).
Hairless breeds and genetics
While
there are unproven theories that other hairless dog breeds have common
ancestry, the recent evolution of the American Hairless Terrier demonstrates an
independent evolution from other hairless breeds.
A
key difference found between the American Hairless Terrier and other Hairless Dog
breeds is that the AHT's hairless gene is recessive, while the gene for
hairlessness found in the ancient breeds is a lethal dominant.
The
American Hairless Terrier does not have dental issues (absent premolars) or
other characteristics associated with the dominant hairless gene.
For
dogs where hairlessness is a dominant gene, hairless to hairless matings will
on average produce 66.6% hairless and 33.3% coated live puppies[citation
needed]. For hairless to coated matings, there will be an average one-to-one
ratio between coated and hairless offspring. In coated to coated matings, all
puppies will be coated.
Matings
between hairless AHTs will produce completely hairless litters. Between
hairless AHT to coated AHT or Rat Terrier, results are more variable and will
produce mixed hairless litters to all coated litters.
Hypoallergenic dog breed
There
is no scientific evidence supporting the existence of a completely
hypoallergenic dog breed and hairlessness is not the sole characteristic that
will determine allergic reactions or its degree.
The
American Hairless Terrier Association recommends individual allergy tests prior
to adopting an AHT.
Temperament
The
American Hairless Terrier (AHT) is an intelligent, curious, and energetic
breed.
Graceful
and elegant, the American Hairless Terrier is also strong and athletic. The AHT
enjoys participating in agility games like its other terrier cousins. The AHT
typically likes to dig, chase small game and will bark when alarmed and will
act as a good watch dog. The AHT is not a strong swimmer and should be
monitored around water.
Its
ancestry gives the AHT a strong hunting instinct, but its lack of coat makes it
a less likely candidate for a hunting dog as rough underbrush may hurt the
AHT's unprotected skin. As a breed founded by working dogs, the prey drive is
strong in many AHTs. This has led to debate among owners as to whether or not
AHTs are appropriate for families with young children. Anecdotal evidence
suggests that AHT's can be trained to be less aggressive to children,
especially if the dog is shown that it may not dominate a child. Due to the small
size of many AHTs, they can be hurt if roughly handled. Positive reward is the
most effective form of training, however, some AHT require a more care-giver
dominant approach to correction in giving the AHT direction.
Health
The
American Hairless Terrier continues to be a rare breed with a limited breeding
stock. The UKC recognizes the need to continue to breed in Rat Terrier blood
lines (see "Coated American Hairless Terrier") until "breed of
breeds" (also, see "Genetics" above).
Although
often stated otherwise[by whom?], AHTs do not have sweat glands. However, after
physical exertion or in warm temperatures, the breed exhibits dermal evidence
of moisture along the spine, typically lower spine. There is no scientific
evidence to suggest an independent evolution of sweat glands unique to this
breed. The mis-perception has likely arisen from the presence of sebaceous
glands associated with hair follicles. These are the same glands that are
present in all canines. The hairless variety of this breed has the same
follicles, however the "hair" is lost early on as the dog matures.
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