Chinese Chongqing Dog

The Chinese Chongqing Dog is a rare breed of dog native to the Chongqing city of China. In its early years, it was used for hunting wild boar and rabbits, but it is now used in China to protect families and belongings. They are an ancient, natural breed said to have existed for 2,000 years since the time of the Han Dynasty in Ancient China. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the breed's numbers were greatly reduced, and only people in rural communities still kept it; the breed is still rare, even in China.

Temperament

The Chongqing dog may be protective of its family and owners, but if a stranger to the dog is kind and the owner is present, the dog will grow to respect it. They are usually a good family companion. However, these dogs are said to be wary of unknown strangers, and if it senses fear, it will prepare for action and attack if any false moves or suspicious actions are made.

Appearance and sizes

There are three sizes of Chongqing Dog. The breed can hunt alone or in a pack.

The Chongqing Dog is divided into three categories according to body size: small, medium, and large. They have a uniform standard. Chongqing dogs are mountain hunters each according to local climate, topography, different prey, the results obtained and breeding, which of course also includes certain factors of natural selection. Therefore, the three strains of dogs vary in height, skeleton, head shape and shape of mouth.

The appearance of a medium-sized Chongqing Dog is that of a sturdy, compact body, lean, muscular and highly explosive. The unique characteristics of the species in the world giving a lasting impression. Passionate, confident. Fearless demeanor, showing their bravery and loyalty side. Overall gives a crisp, dignified, thoughtful, alertness and of elegance as well.

Small

Small warren dog in Chongqing, also known as a mountain dog, is small in stature, muscular, explosive strength, excellent sense of smell, and world-class endurance. Hind legs slightly higher than the forelimbs, torso slightly forward, light and agile gait, dogs and bitches have fiery lightning attack speed as well as being a warren dog. As the name suggests, warren-because of its small stature-it is flexible enough to get into warrens and dig holes into the ground of the mountains; also known as the Mountain hunting dog .

Its working capacity makes it suitable for digging holes and hunting prey mainly rabbits, woodchuck and other prey found in caves. It has a hardy thick coat, thorny to the touch, rusty red in color; dark brown is common.

·         Male: Height 35 cm (14 in); weight 14 kg (31 lb) or less

·         Female: Height 30 cm (12 in) or less, weight 12 kg (26 lb) or less

·         Neck length: about 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in)

·         Trunk length: about 30–35 cm (12–14 in)

·         Tail length: about 15–18 cm (5.9–7.1 in)

Medium

This size is also called the medium bamboo dog. It features a broad mouth, sturdy frame, muscular and strong, with a very good sense of smell. It hunts well in the foothills of the bush and chases prey in the thick bush. Its prey are often badgers and foxes.

Its sparsely coat is chunky, tough and dense, with a thorny touch. Colour varies from the common dark brown to rust red, yellow, straw yellow, and the rare black. Its fur is more dense than the other sizes.

Measurements:

·         Male: Height 35–45 cm (14–18 in); weight 14–25 kg (31–55 lb) or less

·         Female: Height 30–40 cm (12–16 in) or less, weight 12–20 kg (26–44 lb) or less

·         Neck length: about 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in)

·         Trunk length: about 45–50 cm (18–20 in)

·         Tail length: about 18–20 cm (7.1–7.9 in)

Large

The Large Chongqing Dog is a stalwart figure, muscular, with explosive strength, speed, endurance and a world-class sense of smell. It traditionally worked in either open or mountainous landscape and forests, utilizing it speed to catch its prey (mainly boar, goats, deer).

Its coat is rough, thorny, and sparse. Rare leathery hair, glossy, in places hairless, back, abdominal ribs, legs, tail without much hair, skin can be seen. During puppyhood they are mostly yellow and black, feet and ears and partial coat are yellow, the rest of the coat is black, the growth process will moult color, yellow and red after the adult body hair and thin. Generally like the color of rusty copper. Conducive to wind-dispersing heat. Suitable for slightly, open forest, mountain and high speed hunting.

Measurements:

·         Male: Height 45 cm (18 in); weight 25 kg (55 lb) or less

·         Female: Height 40 cm (16 in) or less, weight 20 kg (44 lb) or less

·         Neck length: about 12–14 cm (4.7–5.5 in)

·         Trunk length: about 45–55 cm (18–22 in)

·         Tail length : about 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in)

Health

No known major health problems occur in this breed, because there has been no inbreeding. However, because of the thin coat, some individual dogs develop skin problems. The life expectancy is 18 years for both males and females. No specific grooming is required, as this is a short-haired breed that is not shown.

Chilean Terrier

The Chilean Terrier is the first breed dog from Chile. The breed dates back to the late 19th century, resulting from the crossing of the Fox Terrier and other breeds that existed before the arrival of the Spaniards.

The Chilean Association of Dog Breeders and Exhibitors (ACEPE, A.G.) has been working on a project that aims to have Chilean Terriers be the first officially recognized Chilean breed, organizing specialized samples, implementing an identification system, and forming a study team.

For some time it has been included in the group 11 by the Kennel Club of Chile (KCC), but has not yet been officially recognized by the FCI. Since 2011, the race belongs to the group 3 of Alianz Canine Worldwide (ACW).

Description

Its main color is white, which is accompanied by black and brown markings. It is a short-haired undercoat that sometimes hints at some dark spots visible through the white mantle. The ears are set high with a forward-leaning as a "V" tip. It has a well-developed teeth and bite. Males have a height of between 32 and 38 cm tall at the withers, the ideal height being 35 cm. Females have a height of between 28 and 35 cm tall at the withers, being the ideal height of 32 cm males weigh between 5 and 8 kg, ideal weight is 6.5 kilos. females weigh between 4 and 7 kg, and the ideal weight is 5.5 kg.

Temperament

The Chilean Fox Terrier is easy to train, active, affective, and one of the healthiest and cleanest dog breeds.

Famous Chilean Fox Terriers

A famous Chilean Fox Terrier is Washington (from the comic "Condorito"), Condorito's dog. Even though it was only recognised internationally in 2011 by the ACW (Alianz Canine Worldwide), there have been several Chilean Terrier exhibitions in Chile for many years, and now the breed is selling through internet pages all along Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, and other South American countries

Chihuahua (dog)

The Chihuahua  is the smallest breed of dog and is named after the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. Chihuahuas come in a wide variety of colors, and two coat lengths.

Description

Chihuahuas are the smallest breed recognized by some kennel clubs.

There are two varieties of Chihuahua – the Smooth Coat (shorthaired) and the Long Coat (longhaired). Both the Smooth and the Long Coats have their special attractions and are equally easy to keep clean and well groomed. The UK Kennel Club considers smooth and long coat Chihuahuas two distinct breeds; matings between the two are not eligible for KC registration.

Dogs of either coat type may be identified as either "apple head" or "deer head" Chihuahuas, particularly in the United States. Apple heads have rounded heads, close-set eyes, and relatively short ears and legs. Deer heads have flat-topped heads, more widely set eyes, larger ears, and longer, more slender legs. While deer heads were popular in the mid-twentieth century, current breed standards defined by registries such as the American Kennel Club specify the apple head conformation.

Appearance

Breed standards for this dog do not generally specify a height; only a weight and a description of their overall proportions. Generally, the height ranges between 15 and 23 cm (6 and 9 in); however, some dogs grow as tall as 30 to 38 cm (12 to 15 in). Both British and American breed standards state that a Chihuahua must not weigh more than 2.7 kg (6 lb) for conformation. However, the British standard also states that a weight of 1.8–2.7 kg (4–6 lb) is preferred. A clause stating that 'if two dogs are equally good in type, the more diminutive one is preferred' was removed in 2009. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) standard calls for dogs ideally between 1.5 and 3.0 kg (3.3 and 6.6 lbs.), although smaller ones are acceptable in the show ring.

Pet Chihuahuas (that is, those bred or purchased as companions rather than show dogs) often range above these weights, even above ten pounds if they have large bone structures or are allowed to become overweight. This does not mean that they are not purebred Chihuahuas; they just do not meet the requirements to enter a conformation show. Oversized Chihuahuas are seen in some of the best, and worst, bloodlines. Chihuahuas do not breed true for size, and puppies from the same litter can mature drastically different sizes from one another. As well, larger breeding females are less likely to experience dystocia (obstructed labor). Typically, the breed standard for both the long and short coat Chihuahua will be identical except for the description of the coat. Chihuahuas have large, round eyes and large, erect ears, set in a high, dramatically rounded skull.

The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom and the American Kennel Club in the United States recognize only two varieties of Chihuahua: the long coat, and the smooth coat, also referred to as longhaired and shorthaired. They are genetically the same breed. The term smooth coat does not mean that the hair is necessarily smooth, as the hair can range from having a velvet touch to a whiskery feeling. Longhaired Chihuahuas are actually smoother to the touch, having soft, fine guard hairs and a downy undercoat, which gives them their fluffy appearance. Unlike many longhaired breeds, longhaired Chihuahuas require no trimming and minimal grooming. Contrary to popular belief, the longhaired breed also typically sheds less than its shorthaired counterparts. It may take up to three or more years before a full longhaired coat develops.

Chihuahuas come in virtually any color combination, from solid to marked or splashed, allowing for colors from solid black to solid white, spotted, sabled, or a variety of other colors and patterns. Colors and patterns can combine and affect each other, resulting in a very high degree of variation. Common colors are fawn, red, cream, chocolate, brown, mixed, white, and black. No color or pattern is considered more valuable than another.

The merle coat pattern, which appears mottled, is not traditionally considered part of the breed standard. In May 2007, The Kennel Club decided not to register puppies with this coloration due to the health risks associated with the responsible gene, and in December of that year formally amended the Breed Standard to disqualify merle dogs. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale, which represents the major kennel clubs of 84 countries, also disqualified merle. Other countries' kennel clubs, including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Germany, have also disqualified merle. However, in May 2008, the Chihuahua Club of America voted that merles would not be disqualified in the United States, and would be fully registrable and able to compete in American Kennel Club (AKC) events. Opponents of merle recognition suspect the coloration came about by modern crossbreeding with other dogs and not via natural genetic drift.[citation needed]

Temperament

How a Chihuahua behaves depends on the genetic temperament of his or her parents and grandparents. However, as with all dogs, socialization and training are very important. Like many small dogs, Chihuahuas are less likely than large dogs to be given obedience classes, socialization, or appropriate exercise and training. Frequent victims of "small dog syndrome," in which owners feel no need to provide the kind of training and socialization routinely provided for larger dogs, untrained Chihuahuas suffer the same predictable behavior problems as other untrained dogs regardless of the breed. However, they thrive well when given appropriate socialization and training.

Poorly socialized or frightened Chihuahuas can be easily provoked to attack, and are therefore generally unsuitable for homes with small and undisciplined children. The breed tends to be fiercely loyal to one particular person and in some cases may become over protective of the person, especially around other people or animals. They are frequently not introduced to or socialized with dogs of other breeds, and as a result do not interact as well with them as other dogs who have been socialized to interact with different breed types and tend to have a "clannish" nature, often preferring the companionship of other Chihuahuas or Chihuahua mixes over other dogs. These traits generally make them unsuitable for households with children who are not patient and calm. If properly managed by older children, 13 and up, they can adapt to this kind of living with a dedicated owner. The temperament of its owner can make a difference in the temperament of the pup.

Chihuahuas love their dens and will often burrow themselves in pillows, clothes hampers, and blankets. They are often found under the covers or at the bottom of the bed, deep in the dark and safety of what they perceive as their den. Chihuahuas also enjoy time in sunlight.

Health

This breed requires expert veterinary attention in areas such as birthing and dental care. Dental care is a must for these small dogs, whose jaw size makes for weaker teeth. Although daily brushing provides the best preventative measure, feeding a dental diet or using dental chews for dogs is an effective approach pet owners can take to help prevent and control accumulation of plaque and tartar to avoid consequences of severe periodontal disease. The best physical characteristics of dog food to contribute to cleaning a dog's teeth would be food that is large and dense, that way there is more time spent chewing which leads to the surface of the teeth being cleaned.

Chihuahuas, and other toy breeds, can be affected by hydrocephalus. Chihuahua puppies with hydrocephalus have an abnormally large head, are lethargic and do not grow at the same pace as their siblings. A true case of hydrocephalus can be diagnosed by a veterinarian, though the prognosis is grim.

Apple head Chihuahuas can have moleras, or a soft spot in their skulls, and they are the only breed of dog to be born with an incomplete skull. This is not a defect; it is a normal adaptation facilitating the passage through the birth canal and growth and development of the domed type of forehead. The molera is predominant in the apple heads and is present in nearly all Chihuahua puppies. The molera fills in with age, but great care needs to be taken during the first six months until the skull is fully formed. Some moleras do not close completely and require extra care to prevent injury.

Chihuahua puppies can be at risk for hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. Signs of hypoglycemia include lethargy, sleepiness, uncoordinated walking, unfocused eyes and spasms of the neck muscles or head pulling back or to the side, fainting and seizures. Hypoglycemia can be avoided with adequate nutrition and frequent feedings, especially for Chihuahuas who are younger, smaller or leaner. Chihuahua owners should have a simple sugar supplement on hand to use in emergencies, such as Nutri-Cal or original formula Karo syrup. These supplements can be rubbed on the gums and roof of the mouth to rapidly raise the blood sugar level.

On the other hand, as with any dog, owners should take care not to overfeed their Chihuahua, since obesity can result in increased rates of joint injuries, tracheal collapse, chronic bronchitis, and shortened life span.

As in other breeds with large protruding eyes, Chihuahuas are prone to eye infections or eye injury. The eyes may water in response to dry air, dust or air-borne allergens.

Collapsed trachea is a health concern that is characteristic of the Chihuahua breed.

Chihuahuas may tremble or shiver when stressed, excited or cold. Chihuahuas, especially the short coat variety, are less tolerant of cold than larger breeds, and require a sweater and/or boots in cold weather. They will seek warmth in sunshine, under blankets, or on furniture, or human laps.

Some Chihuahuas may present separation anxiety as a result of being so close and loyal to their owner. This is a fairly common cause behind any pacing, excessive salivating, destructive chewing, or barking, howling or whining in dogs. There are many treatments and tips to help prevent separation anxiety in dogs.

The average lifespan for a Chihuahua is between 12 and 20 years.

Chihuahuas are also known for luxating patella, a genetic condition that can occur in all dogs. In some dogs, the ridges forming the patellar groove are not shaped correctly and a shallow groove is created, causing the patella to luxate or slip out of place, sideways. The knee cap sliding across the bony ridges of the femur can cause some pain. The affected chihuahua will hold its leg flexed, and foot off the ground until the quadriceps muscle relaxes and lengthens, after which the animal feels no discomfort and continues with activity.

Chihuahuas are also prone to some heart-related disorders, such as heart murmurs and pulmonic stenosis, a condition in which the blood outflow from the heart's right ventricle is obstructed at the pulmonic valve.

Chien-gris

The Chien-gris a.k.a. Gris de Saint-Louis (Grey St. Louis Hound) was a breed of dog, now extinct, which originated in Medieval times. Like the Chien de Saint-Hubert it was a scenthound, and formed part of the royal packs of France, which were composed, from about 1250 till 1470, exclusively of hounds of this type. According to King Charles IX, (1550–1574) they supposedly were introduced to France through Saint Louis (i.e. King Louis IX, 1226–1270), who had encountered these hounds while a prisoner during the Crusades, and subsequently received some as a gift. Old writers on hunting liked to ascribe an ancient and remote origin to their hounds, and these were claimed to be originally from Tartary. They were large, and, even though they did not have such good noses, were preferred by the Kings to the St Huberts, which were said to be only of medium size.

Jaques du Fouilloux, in the 16th century, says they were common, and describes them as ‘gris’ (grey) on the back with forequarters and legs tan or red, some having near black hair on the back. They were roughhaired, and were ancestors of the modern French rough-coated Griffon breeds. However the rough coats were not mentioned by Charles IX or du Fouilloux, and it has been suggested they were acquired later through interbreeding with indigenous French hounds. They were headstrong, wide casting hounds, inclined to change or overshoot, but determined in their pursuit of a quarry to the death. However, by the nineteenth century, like the St Hubert, they had become virtually impossible to find, because of mixed breeding and the effect of the Revolution on French hunting.

George Turberville translated du Fouilloux’ book on hunting into English, and used the term ‘Dun hound’ to translate ‘Chien-gris’. We may presume he did not translate it literally as ‘grey-hound’ to avoid confusion. One finds the term ‘dun-hound’ in some subsequent writing in English, suggesting that the kind also existed in Britain, and it has been supposed that these ‘dun-hounds’ went into the make up of the Bloodhound, accounting for the ‘badgering’ of the hair in the saddles of some bloodhounds. However, Turberville did not make it very clear that his book was a translation, and it is highly possible that people mistakenly believed his work was about English hunting. Early references to the dun-hound may simply come from people relying, like Nicolas Cox, on Turberville, and it is quite possible that the dun hound was never a significant animal in British hunting.

Chien Francais Tricolore

The Chien Français Tricolore  translated into English as the French Tricolour Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. The breed is used for hunting in packs.

Appearance

The breed is a typical large French hunting pack hound, with a lean and muscular body, long legs, elongated head with a noticeable occipital protuberance, long drop ears, and slightly square flews. Their size is 62 to 72 centimetres (24 to 28 in) at the withers; females are slightly smaller.

The coat is tricolour, with a wide black mantle, and tan parts are of a bright colour. A grizzled colour called "louvard" ("wolf-like") is also seen in the breed. Faults are listed as physical or behavioural abnormalities, and a dog with such faults should not be bred. Faults include fat feet, aggression, or any trace of crossing with English hounds.

History and use

The Chien Français Tricolore are pack hunting dogs, which means that groups of dogs are hunted together, always directed by a human, not running about hunting by themselves. Dogs bred to be pack hunting dogs do not usually make good pets.

Chien Francais Blanc et Orange

The Chien Francais Blanc et Orange  is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. The breed is used for hunting in packs and descends from the old Hound of Saintonge type of large hunting dog.

Appearance

The breed is a typical large French hunting pack hound, with a lean and muscular body, long legs, slightly domed head, long drop ears, and slightly square flews. Size is 62 to a maximum of 70 cm  at the withers, making it slightly smaller than the Chien Français Blanc et Noir.

The colour of the coat is white and orange, but the orange should never appear to be a red colour. The dog's skin is the same colour as the fur, orange under the orange fur and white under the white fur. Faults are listed as physical or behavioural abnormalities, and a dog with such faults should not be bred.

The breed is noted for its perseverance on the hunt as well as a good nose and voice. Unusual for pack dogs, it is friendly and easy for humans to manage.

History and use

The Chien Français Blanc et Orange are pack hunting dogs, which means that groups of dogs are hunted together, always directed by a human, not running about hunting by themselves.

Chien Francais Blanc et Noir

The Chien Français Blanc et Noir translated into English as the French White and Black Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. The breed is used for hunting in packs and descends from the old Hound of Saintonge type of large hunting dog.

Appearance

The breed is a typical hunting pack hound, with a lean and muscular body, long legs, slightly domed head, long drop ears, and slightly square flews that just overlap the lower lip. Size is 65 to 72 cm (25.6 to 28.3 ins) at the withers, females slightly smaller.

The colour of the coat is white and black, with a black mantle, sometimes speckled or ticked with black or blue. Pale tan dots are above each eye as well as tan on the cheeks, below the eyes and ears, and below the tail. Sometimes a tan marking is found on the base of the upper thigh, which is called the 'roe buck mark'. Faults are listed as deviations in appearance that have an effect on the health and working ability of the dog, as well as indication of crossing with Foxhounds or being off-colour, indicating that a dog with such faults should not be bred.

The breed is noted for its perseverance on the hunt as well as a good nose and voice. Unusual for pack dogs, it is friendly and easy for humans to manage.

History

The breed's ancestry was in the old Hound of Saintonge, which almost disappeared during the French Revolution, through the Gascon Saintongeois breed created by Count Joseph de Carayon-Latour in the mid-19th century. The Gascon Saintongeois hounds were crossbred with the Poitevin in the late 19th century to produce the Chien Français Blanc et Noir. The dogs were officially recognised as a breed in 1957. In 2009, there were approximately 2000 of the breed registered through the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

The Chien Français Blanc et Noir are pack hunting dogs, which means that groups hunt together in packs, always directed by a human, not running about hunting by themselves. The Chien Français Blanc et Noir packs are especially valued in the hunting of deer.

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog belonging to the Retriever, Gundog, and Sporting breed groups. Members of the breed may also be referred to as a Chessie, CBR, or Chesapeake. The breed was developed in the United States Chesapeake Bay area during the 19th century. Historically used by area market hunters to retrieve waterfowl, it is primarily a family pet and hunting companion. They are often known for their love of water and their ability to hunt. It is a medium to large sized dog similar in appearance to the Labrador Retriever. The Chesapeake has a wavy coat, rather than the Labrador's smooth coat. They are described as having a bright and happy disposition, courage, willingness to work, alertness, intelligence, and love of water as some of their characteristics.

Description

Appearance

Distinctive features include eyes that are very clear, of yellowish or amber hue, hindquarters as high or a trifle higher than the shoulders, and a double-coat that tends to wave on shoulders, neck, back, and loins. The waterproof coat feels slightly oily and is often associated with a slight musky odor. Three basic colors are generally seen in the breed: brown, which includes all shades from a light to a deep dark brown; sedge, which varies from a reddish yellow through a bright red to chestnut shades; and deadgrass in all its shades, varying from a faded tan to a dull straw color. The breed standard states that white may also appear but it must be limited to the breast, belly, toes, or back of the feet. The head is round and broad with a medium stop and muzzle. The lips are thin, and the ears are small and of medium leather. The forelegs should be straight with good bone. The hindquarters are especially strong and the toes webbed since excellent swimming ability is important for the Chesapeake. This breed is also known for its large and powerful chest, used to break apart ice when diving into cold water while duck hunting.

Coat

The coat of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever is given the most consideration of any trait listed on the Positive Scale of Points in the Breed Standard. However the AKC Standard also reads "The question of coat and general type of balance takes precedence over any scoring table which could be drawn up. The Chesapeake should be well proportioned, an animal with a good coat and well balanced in other points being preferable to one excelling in some but weak in others." The hair on the face and legs should be very short and straight with a tendency to wave, never curl, on the shoulders, neck, back, and loins only and nowhere over 1.5 inches long. Moderate feathering on the rear of the hindquarters and tail is permissible although not longer than 1.75 inches long.[5] The texture of the thick double-coat is important in protecting the dog from cold water and icy conditions. The oil in the harsh outer coat and woolly undercoat resists water, keeping the dog dry and warm. Maintenance of the coat is minimal and mainly consists of brushing with a short-tooth brush once a week. It is difficult to get a Chesapeake Bay Retriever thoroughly wet, but they should be bathed every 3–4 months using a suitably mild shampoo, then dried thoroughly. Brushing or bathing more often can ruin the texture since it strips the protective oil from the coat and may even remove the undercoat.The color of the coat must be similar to the working surroundings. Any color of brown, sedge or deadgrass is acceptable and one color is not preferred over another. The American Chesapeake Club includes a discussion on color:

Three basic colors are generally seen in the breed: Brown which includes all shades from a light cocoa (a silvered brown) to a deep bittersweet chocolate color; sedge which varies from a reddish yellow through a bright red to chestnut shades; deadgrass which takes in all shades of deadgrass, varying from a faded tan to a dull straw color. Historic records show that some of the deadgrass shades can be very light, almost white in appearance, while darker deadgrass colors can include diluted shades of brown called ash, that appear as either gray or taupe. The almost white and ash/taupe/gray shades are not commonly seen, but are acceptable.

The difference between a sedge and a deadgrass is that the deadgrass shades contain no significant amount of red, while the sedge shades do have red. Coat and texture also play a factor in the perception of color. The self-color pattern is preferred by the standard (One color with or without lighter and darker shadings of the same color). You will see dogs with varying degrees of other markings such as: masking on top of the skull, striping effect of light & dark through the body and on legs, distinct & indistinct saddle markings, agouti coloring and tan points. All are acceptable, they are just not preferred.

A white spot on the breast (not extending above the sternum), belly, toes or back of the feet is permissible, but the smaller the spot the better. White beyond these areas and black anywhere on the body is not allowed in the breed standard.

Temperament

The quintessential Chesapeake Bay Retriever has a bright and happy disposition, intelligence, quiet good sense, and an affectionate protective nature. Some can be quite vocal when happy, and some will 'smile' by baring their front teeth in a peculiar grin - this is not a threat but a sign of joy or submissiveness.

Chesapeake Bay Retrievers can make excellent family dogs when socialized properly. Some Chesapeakes are assertive and willful and may be reserved with strangers, but others are passive and outgoing with people.

Training

 The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a versatile breed competing in field trials, hunt tests, conformation, obedience, agility and tracking, yet remains true to its roots as a hunting dog of great stamina and ability. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is an intelligent breed and learns at a high speed. Historically considered stubborn and difficult to train, many trainers thought this breed required more physical discipline than other retriever breeds.Some trainers now recommend that the Chesapeake Bay Retriever owner use consistent, daily obedience training with play time before and after to keep the dog wanting to work with little or no physical discipline required.

Health

The breed is subject to a number of hereditary diseases. These include, but are not limited to:

·         Hip dysplasia

·         Progressive retinal atrophy

·         Type 3 von Willebrand disease

·         Cataract

·         Regional Alopecia in both sexes

A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85).[17] A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 don't live past 5 years.

Cesky Terrier

The Cesky Terrier  is a small terrier type dog originating in Czechoslovakia.

Description

Appearance

The Cesky Terrier is a well-muscled, short legged, well-pigmented, hunting terrier of a rectangular format. The Cesky has natural drop ears, a natural tail, and sports a long, silky with slight texture coat in shades of gray from charcoal to platinum (black pigmented) or rarely brown (liver pigmented). The Cesky is longer than it is tall and has a topline that rises slightly to the rear.

Size, Proportion Substance

The FCI Breed Standard gives the ideal measurements for the Cesky Terrier as:

·         Height – Height at withers Ideally 11.5 inches (290 mm) for a male and 10.5 inches (270 mm) for a female; no less than 9.5 inches (240 mm) and no more than 12.5 inches (320 mm).

·         Weight – Weight is ideally between 13 and 22 pounds (5.9 and 10.0 kg).

·         No Cesky in good muscular condition and otherwise well balanced shall be penalized for being only Slightly outside the Ideal height or weight.

·         Length – The length of body, measured from sternum to buttocks ideally between 16 and 17 inches (410 and 430 mm). To be in a ratio of approximately 1 1/2 (Length) to 1 (Height). The overall balance is more important than any single specification.

·         Girth of thorax (behind elbows) – The girth of the body measured at the thorax, behind the elbows ideally is 17 to 18 inches (430 to 460 mm).

Head

·         Expression—Calm and kind.

·         Eyes - Slightly deep set with a friendly expression, of medium size. The color is brown or dark brown in all shades of grey dogs, liver in Brown dogs. Entropion or Ectropion is a disqualifying fault.

·         Ears - Medium size, dropping in such a way to well cover the orifice. Ears are set rather high with forward edge lying close to the cheek. Shaped like a triangle, with the shorter side of the triangle at the fold of the ear.

·         Head – Head is ideally 8 inches long, 3.5 to 4 inches wide and is shaped like a long, blunt wedge. The plane of the forehead forms a slight but definite stop with the bridge of the nose. The breadth between the ears is slightly larger for a dog than a bitch.

·         Skull – Skull is shaped like a blunt wedge with the broadest part between the ears which apers moderately towards the supraorbital ridges. Occipital protuberance easy to palpate, cheek bones moderately prominent. Frontal furrow only slightly marked.

·         Muzzle - Nasal Bridge straight. Narrow foreface undesirable.

·         Stop – Not accentuated but apparent.

·         Nose – Dark and well developed. The color is black in all shades of grey and liver in brown dogs.

·         Lips—Relatively thick, fitting neatly.

·         Bite—Scissors or level bite, complete dentition preferred. Absence of 2 premolars in lower jaw not to be penalized. Absence of more than 4 teeth or any incisors is a disqualifying fault.

·         Teeth – Set square to the jaw, strong and regularly aligned.

·         Neck – Well muscled and strong. Medium-long, carried on a slant.

Topline – Not straight but with a slight rise.

·         Body – Fully muscled, oblong. Withers not very pronounced with the neck set rather high. Croup is strongly developed, muscular; pelvis moderately slanting. Hip bones often slightly higher than the withers.

·         Chest – More cylindrical than deep.

·         Ribs – Well sprung.

·         Underline – Ample belly and slightly tucked up. Flanks well filled.

·         Loins – Relatively long, muscular, broad and slightly rounded.

·         Tail – Ideal length is 7 to 8 inches (180 to 200 mm) inches, relatively strong and low set. Tail may be carried downward or with a slight bend at tip; or carried saber shaped horizontally or higher. All of these tail carriages are considered correct with none having preference over the other. Curled tail or carried over the back to be penalized.

Forequarters

·         Angulation—Moderately well angulated.

·         Shoulder – Muscular, well laid back and powerful.

·         Elbows – Somewhat loose, yet not turned in or out.

·         Legs – Short, straight, well boned and parallel. Dewclaws may be present.

·         Feet – Large, well-arched toes with strong nails and well-developed thick pads.

Hindquarters

·         Angulation—Well angulated.

·         Legs – Strong, parallel and well muscled.

·         Upper Thigh - Well Muscled.

·         Stifle—Well bent.

·         Second Thigh—relatively short

·         Hock Joint - Strong and well developed. Set relatively high.

·         Feet – Smaller than forefeet, well arched toes, strong nails and thick well developed pads.

Coat

Long, fine, firm with slight texture, slightly wavy with a silky gloss. Not overdone with too much furnishings. Faults: Curly, Coarse or cotton-wool like texture. The Cesky Terrier is groomed by clipping and scissoring into a saddle pattern on the body, with the longer hair ending in a V on the tail. A “U” shape is cut out of the top lateral portion of the front legs and Areas of the neck, head, chest, shoulder, tail and rear thigh from the top of the V on the tail to the top of the hock and round the vent are clipped shorter to achieve this appearance and to highlight the well developed muscles of the Cesky Terrier. The Hair on the foreface from mid eye to the rear edge of the lip line is not to be clipped thus forming brows and a beard. The transition between clipped and unclipped areas should be pleasing to the eye and never abrupt.

Color

The Cesky Terrier has two varieties of color: In mature dogs, 3 years or older: 1. Any shade of gray from charcoal to platinum gray with Black pigment. 2. Coffee Brown with Liver pigment. Black may appear on the head, beard, cheeks, ears, feet and tail. White, grey, brown and yellow markings are permitted on the head, beard, cheeks, neck, chest, limbs and around the vent. A white collar or white tip is permitted on the tail. The base color must always be predominant. Faults: Long brindled coat on dogs older than 2 years, white covering more than 20%, and a white blaze are disqualifying faults.

Gait

The action should be free, driven and enduring. Gallop rather slow but lasting. The forelegs extend in a straight line forward.

Temperament

The breed standard calls for a calm dog, and aggression is a disqualifying fault. Cesky Terriers are reputed to be less active and quieter than other terriers. This may or may not make them suitable pets for families with children.

Care

The coat of the Cesky Terrier is not stripped (dead hair pulled out with the fingers or a special knife) as in other terriers, but rather is clippered. The body and tail are clipped, and the furnishings (hair that hangs down under the body) are left long, as is the hair on the lower legs and on the face (eyebrows, beard, and moustache.) The longer hair should be brushed daily.

Health

This breed occasionally suffers from the Scotty Cramp, a minor problem causing awkward movement, but it is not life-threatening.

Breeding stock should be checked for hip dysplasia, patella luxation, cardiac problems, PLL (primary lens luxation), thyroid issues, glomerulonephritis, and other eye disorders, all of which have been documented issues in the breed.