The Cairn Terrier is one of the
oldest terrier breeds, originating in the Scottish Highlands and recognized as
one of Scotland's earliest working dogs. The breed was given the name Cairn,
because the breed's function was to hunt and chase quarry between the cairns in
the Scottish highlands.
Although
the breed had existed long before, the name 'Cairn Terrier' was a compromise
suggestion after the breed was originally brought to official shows in the
United Kingdom in 1909 under the name Short-haired Skye terriers. This name was
not acceptable to The Kennel Club due to opposition from Skye Terrier breeders,
and the name 'Cairn Terrier' was suggested as an alternative. They are usually
left-pawed, which has been shown in dogs to correlate to superior
performance in tasks related to scent. Cairn terriers are ratters.
Description
Cairn
terriers tend to look similar to a Norwich Terrier, but with some differences
(for example the shaggy fur). Their outer layer of fur is shaggy, but they have
a soft, downy undercoat. Their ideal weight is also 4.5-7.3 kg (10-16 lb), and
the height 9–13 in (23–33 cm).
Grooming
Cairn
terriers shed very little, but should always be hand stripped. Using scissors
or shears can ruin the dog's rugged outer coat after one grooming. Hand
stripping involves pulling the old dead hair out by the roots. If done
incorrectly, this can cause discomfort to the dog, causing it to shy away from
future hand stripping. Removing the dead hair in this manner allows new growth
to come in. This new growth helps protect the dog from water and dirt.
Cairn
terrier ancestors are from Scotland, where the wire coat repels water and keeps
the dog dry even in rainy or damp climates. Keeping the Cairn terrier coat in
its original state will prevent possible skin irritations. As dead hair is
removed by stripping the coat, new growth comes in and the skin and coat remain
healthy. Clipper-cutting a Cairn might destroy the protective wire coat unique
to this breed.
It
is wise to have a pet examined to rule out heritable skin diseases if a Cairn
is obtained from unknown sources (i.e. pet stores, rescues, or puppy mills).
Health
These
dogs are generally healthy and live on average about 12 to 17 years.
Survey
Breeders,
owners, and veterinarians have identified several health problems that are
significant for Cairns. Some of these diseases are hereditary, while others
occur as a result of nonspecific factors (i.e. infections, toxins, injuries, or
advanced age). Currently, the Cairn Terrier Club of America, along with the
Institute for Genetic Disease Control in Animals, maintains an open registry
for Cairn terriers in hopes of reducing the occurrence of hereditary diseases
within the breed. Breeders voluntarily submit their dogs' test results for
research purposes, as well as for use by individuals who seek to make sound
breeding decisions.
Some
of the more common hereditary health problems found in the Cairn are:
·
Bronchoesophageal fistula
·
Cataracts
·
Corneal dystrophy
·
Craniomandibular osteopathy (lion jaw)
·
Diabetes mellitus
·
Entropion
·
Hip dysplasia
·
Hypothyroidism
·
Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy)
·
Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome
·
Lens luxation
·
Luxating patella
·
Ocular melanosis
·
Portosystemic shunt
·
Progressive retinal atrophy
·
Soft tissue sarcoma
·
Von Willebrand disease
Living conditions
Cairn
terriers exist happily in an apartment if sufficiently exercised. They are very
active indoors and suffice even without a yard. Daily walks help keep Cairn
terriers happy and healthy. Fenced-in yards are strongly recommended for safety
and well being as well as being kept on leash when not in the yard.
Cairn
terriers are particularly easily trained; ethical breeders strongly suggest
obedience school or some other type of training to direct Cairn terrier's focus
on the owner as the one in command if they are going to be used for hunting. If
allowed to take control of the household, behavior problems may develop that
can only be resolved by hiring a professional dog trainer. Many breeders only
sell puppies to dedicated dog owners who agree to basic obedience school.
Exercise
Cairns
are active dogs, thus need a daily walk. Play takes care of a lot of their
exercise needs; however, as with all breeds, play will not fulfill their primal
instinct to walk. Dogs which do not get to go on daily walks are more likely to
display behavior problems. They also enjoy a good romp in a safe open area off
leash, such as a large fenced yard.
According
to Temple Grandin in her book Animals Make Us Human, dogs need 45 minutes to
one hour per day of playing and seeking. After fulfilling this, dogs become
balanced and well-mannered. Obedience school is often a good start to creating
interactive play using words or commands for a dog to perform specific actions
on cue. Teaching a Cairn terrier tricks is also a clever way to direct their
active energy into acceptable controlled dog games.
Famous Cairns
Terry,
the dog that played Toto in the 1939 screen adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, was
a brindle Cairn terrier. Due to the identification of the State of Kansas with
the original story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a resident of Wichita has begun
a drive to make the Cairn terrier the official dog of Kansas.[10] Terry also
had a role in the Shirley Temple film Bright Eyes, and 12 other films.
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